روز ۳۰ تیر ۱۲۹۳ احمدشاه پسر محمدعلی شاه #قاجار در ۱۸ سالگی در #تهران #تاجگذاری كرد. این مراسم ۵سال پس از خلع محمدعلی شاه در دوره فترت بین مجلس دوم و سوم و در شرایطی كه دوران حاكمیت ناصرالملك بعنوان نایب السلطنه نیز رو به پایان بود و هیچ ارگان و نهادی بر كشور حاكم نبود به وقوع پیوست. تاجگذاری احمدشاه یك ماه قبل از آغاز جنگ جهانی اول صورت گرفت. اقدامات او برای بیرون راندن قوای انگلیسی و روسی كه طبق قراردادهای ۱۹۰۷ و ۱۹۱۵#ایران را به دو منطقه نفوذ خود تقسیم كرده بودند بی نتیجه ماند. با وقوع انقلاب بلشویكی ۱۹۱۷ در #روسیه، دولت این كشور قرارداد ۱۹۱۵ با انگلیس را لغو كرد و نیروهای خود را از ایران فراخواند. به دنبال آن نیروهای انگلیسی حاضر در ایران به سمت شمال پیشروی كردند و تقریباً تمام خاك ایران را تحت نفوذ خود درآوردند. پس از آن انگلستان كوشش كرد تا با اتكاء به عوامل داخلی خود، قرارداد معروف ۱۹۱۹ را كه طبق آن ایران تحت الحمایه انگلیس می‌شد و كلیه امور مالی وگمركی نظامی كشور را به دست می‌گرفت به ایران تحمیل نماید. Ahmad Shah Qajar (Persian: احمد شاه قاجار; January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Iran from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 January 1898 and ascended to the throne at the age of 12 after the removal of his father Mohammad-Ali Shah by the Parliament on 16 July 1909. Due to his young age, his uncle, Ali-Reza Khan, took charge of his affairs as Regent. Upon reaching his majority Ahmad Shah was formally crowned on 21 July 1914. On 16 July 1909, Mohammad Ali Shah was overthrown by rebels seeking to restore the 1906 Constitution. The rebels then convened the Grand Majles of 500 delegates from different backgrounds, which placed Ahmad Shah, Mohammad Ali's eleven-year-old son, on the Sun Throne.[citation needed] The Grand Majlis enacted many reforms. They abolished class representation and created five new seats in the Majlis for minorities: two seats for Armenians, and one seat each for Jews, Zoroastrians, and Assyrians. The Majles also democratized the electoral system, diminished the electoral dominance of Tehran, and even lowered the voting age from twenty-five to twenty. Not much is known about Ahmad's early life before his succession to the throne. Due to his young age, his uncle, Ali Reza Khan Azod al-Molk, governed as regent. Ahmad Shah was formally crowned on 21 July 1914, upon reaching his majority. He attempted to fix the damage done by his father by appointing the best ministers he could find. He was, however, an ineffective ruler who was faced with internal unrest and foreign intrusions, particularly by the British Empire and Russian Empire. #Russian and British troops fought against the Ottoman Empire forces in #Persia during World War I. The Second Majlis convened in November 1910 and just like the First Majlis, did not lead to any relevant accomplishment. The Majlis was rendered ineffective because the central government was weak and did not have enough influence to rein in the changes that it had proposed. Ahmad Shah (center) as a child, pictured with Haj Seyed Gholamhossein Majd Mojabi (above) and guards in 1901. In 1917, Britain used Persia as the springboard for an attack into Russia in an unsuccessful attempt to reverse the Russian Revolution of 1917. The newly born Soviet Union responded by annexing portions of northern Persia as buffer states much like its Tsarist predecessor. Marching on Tehran, the Soviets extracted ever more humiliating concessions from the Persian government – whose ministers Ahmad Shah was often unable to control. The weakness of the government in the face of such aggression by an atheist foreign power sparked seething anger among many traditional Persians – including the young Ruhollah Khomeini, who would later condemn both Communism and monarchy as treason against Persia's sovereignty and the laws of Islam. A picture of Ahmad Shah Qajar By 1920, the government had virtually lost all power outside the capital and Ahmad Shah had lost control of the situation. The Anglo-Persian Agreement, along with new political parties, further immobilized the country. The Moderates and Democrats often clashed, particularly when it came to minority rights and secularism. The debates between the two political parties led to violence and even assassinations. The weak economic state of Persia put Ahmad Shah and his government at the mercy of foreign influence; they had to obtain loans from the Imperial Bank of Persia.[clarification needed] Furthermore, under the Anglo-Persian Agreement, Persia received only a small fraction of the income generated by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. On the other hand, the Red Army along with rebels and warlords ruled much of the countryside.