Political scientist Francis Fukuyama and philosopher John Gray discuss why Russia didn’t become a liberal democracy after the fall of communism in 1989. Best known for arguing that liberal democracy would mark ‘the end of History’, Francis Fukuyama has spent much of the last 30 years responding to questions about his contested prediction. In this conversation, he is joined by British political philosopher John Gray, who rejects the idea of universal liberal values and human progress. While Fukuyama believes that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is a wake-up call for the West to rekindle the true spirit of 1989, Gray argues that the triumph of liberalism is far from inevitable. This clip is from the Intelligence Squared event ‘Is Liberalism Obsolete?’ recorded on 22 March 2022. Watch the full conversation on demand here: https://www.intelligencesquared.com/events/is-liberalism-obsolete-with-francis-fukuyama-and-john-gray/ About Intelligence Squared: Intelligence Squared has established itself as the leading forum for live, agenda-setting debates, talks and discussions around the world. Our aim is to promote a global conversation that enables people to make informed decisions about the issues that matter, in the company of the world's greatest minds and orators. Click here to subscribe on Apple Podcasts and receive our audio podcasts as soon as they are released: https://apple.co/3nKUHV4 Brilliant minds, debate, online events, ask your questions. Try Intelligence Squared +: https://www.intelligencesquared.com/plus WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE SQUARED+? Intelligence Squared+ brings you live, interactive events online every week. You can ask your questions to our speakers, vote in live polls and interact with other members of the audience. Your subscription will give you access to multiple events, live and on-demand, featuring the world’s top thinkers and opinion formers. Subscribe to Intelligence Squared+ today: https://www.intelligencesquared.com/plus Follow Intelligence Squared: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/intelligencesquared Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/intelligence2/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/intelligence2 Listen to our podcasts? Intelligence Squared Podcast: https://play.acast.com/s/intelligencesquared How I Found My Voice with Samira Ahmed: https://apple.co/32WnrPV