Everybody knows about the crusades. Jerusalem, Akkon, Antioch, we all know these cities but not so many people know that there were also crusades in Europe. A crusader state, the Livonian Order was founded in territories that nowadays belong mostly to Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and the city of Riga was created in 1201. The goal was to convert these "pagans" to Christianity. But instead of peacefully converting them a series of military campaigns started: Against the Estonians, Lithuanians, the Republic of Novgorod and others followed. A decisive moment was the Battle on Lake Peipus, also called Battle on the Ice. #europe #baltic #livonia #russia #history #ghostcountries CHAPTERS 00:00 Intro 01:25 Livonia and the Arrival of Meinhard 03:15 Northern Crusades and the Founding of Riga 04:32 Livonian Brothers of the Sword 05:42 Bispohrics of Livonia 06:13 Estonian Pirates and Other Troubles Up North 07:07 Internal Divisions and External Pressures 07:51 Lithuanian Crusade and the Battle of Saule 09:06 Merger with the Teutonic Order 09:57 Outro 💬 Discord (https://discord.gg/KAzFCTvy) 📸 Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/ghostcountries.official/) 👍 Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/GhostCountriesYT/) 🔴 RECOMMENDED VIDEOS on the channel about Europe: 🎥 Siberian Separatism | GREEN UKRAINE and the FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC during the Russian Civil War (https://youtu.be/-qhaHbrgx1A) 🎥 From Ancient Greeks to Russian Annexation | Crimea's Forgotten History (Part I) [https://youtu.be/0yv0aWWeo7w] 🎥 WWII, the '90s, and Russian Annexation (again) | Crimea's Forgotten History (https://youtu.be/6Axdyo-u1Ws) 🎥 The White-Blue-White Flag (бело-сине-белый флаг): Symbol for a New Russia? [https://youtu.be/-Pg6CS0W2MA] 🎥 Hidden Ukraines Inside Russia? (https://youtu.be/aoC2Rcel6G0) 🎥 Eastern European Superpower | POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (https://youtu.be/NeUMMjLK4i8) 🎥 What Happened After Partition? | POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (https://youtu.be/zfBFhOHnWfE) 🎥 A Principality vs the World | Wallachia (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ixISeO7ZU) 🎥 Vlad the Impaler: Wallachia's Dark Prince (https://youtu.be/qrsfWLEibtc) Creative Commons - Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC by 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC by 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Intro Animation / Character Design: Emily Clearwater (iamprettyawesome.co.nz) Background Music: “The Pyre” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/